Help is available for the following functions of the 'Univariate Imaging' menu bar:
chemical imaging (chemical imaging or functional group mapping)
chemical movie (plays a movie of chemical images, or frequency slices)
frequency imaging (imaging based on band frequencies)
FWHM imaging (imaging based on the halfwidth of bands)
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Chemical Imaging (or functional group mapping): This function permits to produce chemical images, which display defined spectral
parameters such as absorbances at a given frequency as a function of the spatial position. Spectral parameters are color encoded according
to the selected Colormap. In the CytoSpec program you can use the following
methods for chemical imaging:
Method A: calculates the integrated area in the region P1, P2 (no baseline correction)
Method B: obtains the absorbance value at a given frequency P1
Method C: calculates the integrated area in the region P1, P2 (trapezoidal baseline correction)
Method D: obtains a baseline corrected absorbance value at a given frequency P5. The baseline is obtained from the points P1 and P2
Methods A-D/E-H: calculate ratios using any combination of methods for two regions or absorbances at a given frequency
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- Select first the imaging method. You can choose between methods A-D by activating the appropriate radio button. If you wish to
use ratios for chemical imaging you have to additionally select the 'ratio' button and the method in the denominator
(methods E-G).
- Next, type the wavenumber values P1-P6 used as integration borders, or frequency points for construction baselines. Note that the
number of values depends on the integration method.
- Select the data block on which chemical imaging should be carried out. The following data blocks can be used for chemical imaging:
original data (i), preprocessed data (ii), derivatives (iii), and 3D-FSD data (iv).
- Pressing the 'plot' button calculates the respective parameters from the selected spectral data block and plots these
parameters as a function of (x,y) position within the map.
- Button 'cancel': The window for chemical imaging is closed.
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Whereas the original data will be displayed in the upper right panel of the main window, chemical images re-assembled from preprocessed,
derivatives, and 3D-deconvolution data are given in the lower right panel. Hyperspectral maps produced from multivariate imaging approaches
(cluster, PCA, or ANN analysis) are also displayed in the lower right panel of the main window.
A mouse click (left button) into chemical maps results in the following events ('show mode' is active):
- an IR or Raman spectrum with the (x,y) coordinates of the mouse pointer is displayed in the left (spectral) panel,
- the pixel coordinates of the active spectrum appear in editable text boxes, and
- information of how the spectral map was produced is displayed in the field between both panels (see also chapter
Main Window - Basics Concepts.)
related topics
Manipulating the colormap used for imaging (change colormap, change color
contrast/offset)
How to save spectral images as bitmaps?
How to export the map data (absorbance/transmittance/Raman intensities) as
ASCII-tables?
How to produce hyperspectral maps (Basics)
Working with vibrational spectra - basic concepts
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The function 'chemical movie' can be used to play an animation of chemical images, or frequency slices. With this function the
system automatically steps through a range of frequency values, facilitating judgement of the spatial distribution patterns of individual
spectral modes. Chemical images are generated by using option 'B' of the function
chemical imaging.
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one step (frequency position) backward
click this button to observe an animation of the frequency slices (='chemical movie') in backward direction
stop playing the chemical movie
one frequency slice forward
plays the chemical movie in forward direction
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act wvn pos: the (rounded) frequency position of the actual chemical image in wavenumber units.
increment [in wvs]: This allows to modify the the step size, in wavenumber unit steps (wvs), between frequency slices. If a value
of '1' is indicated the step size of the animation will be 1 * 'wvs', with wvs being the wavenumber step (the point spacing between
two frequency slices, see WVS - wavenumber step). The default value for
'increment' is '4'.
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Frequency imaging: This function permits visualization of peak positions, and their variations, within hyperspectral maps.
Band positions - either maxima or minima - are obtained and plotted as a function of the spatial coordinates.
Band positions can be obtained from all types of data blocks, including also derivative spectra (for details refer to chapter
Internal Data Organization).
Two different methods of the 'frequency map' routine are available: Peak maxima/minima can be obtained from spectra contained
in one of the four data blocks, or for overlapping bands from second derivative data blocks (this may also be second derivatives from
spectra of the derivative data block!).
The use of second derivatives for peak picking may be useful for the detection of peaks in the presence of strongly overlapping signals,
i.e. when the band is only a small shoulder on a strong signal. To some extent 2nd derivatives compensate also for baseline effects.
Derivatives should be used with care as noise is considerably amplified.
The algorithm of the peak picking routine works as follows:
A. If the option 'obtain peak positions from derivatives' was NOT selected:
1. Spectra of the data block of your choice (see option 'use data block') are interpolated. For interpolation, the
spline method is used. Interpolation is carried out in the frequency range indicated in the edit fields 'select spectral region
for peak search'. Furthermore, a factor of interpolation can be selected. This factor indicates how many times the number of
data points will be increased by interpolation (only in the spectral region selected for peak picking).
2. If the option 'search maxima' was checked, the algorithm is then searching for the x-positions (frequencies) of the
maxima within the spectral region indicated by the user. If minima are chosen, the program is searching for minima. IMPORTANT: If
band positions are obtained from the data block of derivate spectra, maxima appear in second derivative spectra as minima and vice
versa. There is no check for i) the order of the derivative and consequently ii), no compensation for the inversion of maxima and
minima!
3. The frequency values of the maxima/minima are color scaled and plotted as a function of the spatial coordinates. If you
wish to further analyze the band positions by other programs you can access the data matrix of frequency values by using the
Export Maps function.
B. The option 'obtain peak positions from derivatives' was checked:
1. Second derivative spectra from the data block of your choice (see option 'use data block') are calculated
by applying the Savitzky-Golay algorithm with 5 smoothing points (see also chapter
Calculation of Derivative Spectra).
2. Derivative spectra are interpolated. For interpolation, the spline method is used. Interpolation is carried out in the
frequency range indicated in the edit fields 'select spectral region for peak search'. Furthermore, a factor of
interpolation can be selected. This factor indicates how many times the number of data points will be increased upon interpolation
in the spectral region selected for peak picking.
3. If the option 'search maxima' was checked, the algorithm is then searching for the x-positions (frequencies)
of the maxima within the spectral region indicated by the user. If minima are chosen, the program is searching for minima.
IMPORTANT: If band positions are obtained from the data block of derivate spectra, maxima appear in second derivative spectra
as minima and vice versa. There is no check for i) the order of the derivative and consequently ii) no compensation for the
inversion of maxima and minima!
4. The frequency values of the maxima/minima are color scaled and plotted as a function of the spatial coordinates.
If you wish to further analyze the band positions by other programs you can access the data matrix of frequency values by using
the Export Maps function.
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search maxima or minima: indicate whether you want to search for peak maxima or minima.
obtain peak positions from derivatives: if this checkbox is checked, second derivatives of the chosen data block will be
calculated. In this case, maxima or minima will be obtained from second derivate spectra. Otherwise (if box is NOT checked),
peak positions are obtained directly from the data block chosen.
interpolation factor: this factor indicates how many times the number of data points will be increased by interpolation.
select spectral region for peak search: the spectral region which will be used for peak picking.
use data block: please choose the appropriate data block on which peak picking should be carried out.
plot: the peak picking routine is started
cancel: the 'frequency plot' window will be closed.
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related topics
Manipulating the colormap used for imaging (change colormap, change color
contrast/offset)
How to save spectral images as bitmaps?
How to export the map data (absorbance/transmittance/Raman intensities) as
ASCII-tables?
How to produce hyperspectral maps (Basics)
Working with vibrational spectra - basic concepts
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FWHM imaging: This is a new function of CytoSpec version 2.00.05 (Feb 2018). Suitable to create pseudo-color images based on the
full width at half maximum (FWHM) of vibrational bands. The function requires the presence of a band in a given spectral interval,
ideally in all spectra.
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interpolation factor: this factor indicates how many times the number of data points will be increased by interpolation.
Interpolation is performed in the spectral region indicated and is helpful to improve the numerical accuracy when calculating
the fwhm values.
select spectral region for peak search: indicate the spectral region in wavenumber units to be used for determining FWHM
values of a specific band.
use data block: please choose the data block to be analyzed.
plot: starts the 'fwhm imaging' function
cancel: closes the 'fwhm imaging' window.
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related topics
Manipulating the colormap used for imaging (change colormap, change
color contrast/offset)
How to save spectral images as bitmaps?
How to export the map data (absorbance/transmittance/Raman intensities) as
ASCII-tables?
How to produce hyperspectral maps (Basics)
Working with vibrational spectra - basic concepts
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